5月14日,中国科学院北京基因组研究所疾病基因组与个体化医疗实验室“百人计划”研究员杨运桂研究组,与奥斯陆大学Arne Klungland教授合作完成的“ALKBH4依赖的肌动蛋白去甲基化调控胞质分裂机制研究”取得重要进展,相关学术论文在Nature子刊《自然·通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志以“ALKBH4 - dependent demethylation of actin regulates actomyosin dynamics”为题在线发表。该研究阐明了一种新的细胞胞质分裂机制,ALKBH4作为新的肌动球蛋白(Actomyosin)调控因子被发现。
胞质分裂需要以肌动球蛋白(由微丝F-actin)和非肌肉II型肌球蛋白(Non-muscle Myosin II, NM II)组成)为核心组分的收缩环在分裂沟处收缩来提供动力,将一个母细胞分裂成两个子细胞。在胞质分裂过程中,分裂沟和分裂平面的确定需要微管和微丝协同进行信息传递,最终引起肌动球蛋白组装形成收缩环。收缩环是一种动态的细胞器,随着F-actin(由肌动蛋白actin聚合而成)和NM II变化而变化,并决定着母细胞能否成功分裂。NM II是胞质分裂过程中收缩环上主要的动力蛋白,它在微丝上的移动和F-actin解聚都是分裂沟收缩所必需的。分裂沟收缩依赖于收缩环中肌动球蛋白产生的动力,但是肌动球蛋白收缩的具体机制现在还不清楚,尤其是肌动蛋白的翻译后修饰是如何调控肌动球蛋白的动态过程也是未知的。
本研究证明了ALKBH4蛋白可以介导肌动蛋白上一种新的84位赖氨酸单甲基化(actin K84me1)的去甲基化。肌动蛋白的甲基化和去甲基化调控肌动球蛋白间的相互作用及生物学功能,包括胞质分裂和细胞迁移。ALKBH4依赖的肌动蛋白去甲基化通过促进肌动球蛋白相互作用调控其收缩功能,ALKBH4通过与肌动蛋白K84me1相互作用被募集到收缩环和中体上,并将肌动蛋白K84me1去甲基化,为NM II创造结合肌动蛋白的位点。肌动蛋白去甲基化使得NM II能沿着F-actin动态的滑动,并产生收缩力促进收缩环收缩,使分裂沟内陷完成胞质分裂。
该项工作得到了中国科学院、科技部、国家自然科学基金委及教育部经费资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncomms2863
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ALKBH4-dependent demethylation of actin regulates actomyosin dynamics
Ming-Ming Li, Anja Nilsen, Yue Shi, Markus Fusser, Yue-He Ding, Ye Fu, Bo Liu, Yamei Niu, Yong-Sheng Wu, Chun-Min Huang, Maria Olofsson, Kang-Xuan Jin, Ying Lv, Xing-Zhi Xu, Chuan He, Meng-Qiu Dong, Jannie M. Rendtlew Danielsen, Arne Klungland & Yun-Gui Yang
Regulation of actomyosin dynamics by post-transcriptional modifications in cytoplasmic actin is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that dioxygenase ALKBH4-mediated demethylation of a monomethylated site in actin (K84me1) regulates actin–myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes such as cytokinesis and cell migration. ALKBH4-deficient cells display elevated K84me1 levels. Non-muscle myosin II only interacts with unmethylated actin and its proper recruitment to and interaction with actin depend on ALKBH4. ALKBH4 co-localizes with the actomyosin-based contractile ring and midbody via association with methylated actin. ALKBH4-mediated regulation of actomyosin dynamics is completely dependent on its catalytic activity. Disorganization of cleavage furrow components and multinucleation associated with ALKBH4 deficiency can all be restored by reconstitution with wild-type but not catalytically inactive ALKBH4. Similar to actin and myosin knock-out mice, homozygous Alkbh4 mutant mice display early embryonic lethality. These findings imply that ALKBH4-dependent actin demethylation regulates actomyosin function by promoting actin-non-muscle myosin II interactio