科技日报讯据英国《自然》期刊本周发表的一项研究称,科学家证实成年体细胞可在活鼠体内被重新编程为多能干细胞。在这之前,学界一直不清楚生物体内环境是否适合重编程,而最新研究表明这是可行的。这一发现将有助于提高干细胞的可塑性,并有望为再生医学带来新的应用。
细胞核重编程就像细胞层面的“返老还童”过程。是将已经分化了的成年体细胞进行诱导,让其重新回到发育早期多能性干细胞状态。早期科学家曾认为这是一个不可逆的过程,成熟的、专门的细胞不可能重新编程,反过来逆分化变成干细胞,但日本医学教授山中伸弥和英国发育生物学家约翰·戈登扭转了这种观点,他二人也因此获得2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
细胞“再编程”的突破虽然在实验上简单、易重复,但效果却是里程碑式的,但目前人们还不清楚生物体内环境是否适合重编程。
而此次西班牙国家癌症研究中心曼努尔·塞拉诺及其同事在研究中发现,用来制作多能干细胞的传统“诱导配方”,即使用Oct4、Sox2、Klf4和c-Myc四种诱导因子,不但可用于培养皿中,更可用于活鼠体内。他们检验了从肾、胃、小肠和胰腺抽取出来的细胞,发现全部拥有被编程过的迹象。
研究同时发现,在活鼠体内产生的诱导性多能干细胞(简称iPS细胞)比在培养皿中产生的iPS细胞更接近胚胎干细胞(简称ES细胞)。此外,在活鼠体内产生的iPS细胞比平常的iPS细胞或ES细胞拥有更大的分化潜力,这表明在生物体内进行重编程,将有助于提高干细胞的可塑性。
这种iPS细胞将可以分化成不同成熟细胞类型,若严格控制其人工培养过程,可用于开发新的治疗模式。同时,上升到哺乳动物层面,细胞核重编程也是正常受精胚胎和克隆胚胎发育过程中的一个重要特性,可对表观遗传学特征,包括染色质重塑、组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化、印记基因表达等进行重新编写,进一步了解这一机制也将为生物医学领域带来无数可能。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12586
Reprogramming in vivo produces teratomas and iPS cells with totipotency features
María Abad, Lluc Mosteiro, Cristina Pantoja, Marta Cañamero, Teresa Rayon, Inmaculada Ors, Osvaldo Graña, Diego Megías, Orlando Domínguez, Dolores Martínez, Miguel Manzanares, Sagrario Ortega & Manuel Serrano
Reprogramming of adult cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) has opened new therapeutic opportunities; however, little is known about the possibility of in vivo reprogramming within tissues. Here we show that transitory induction of the four factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc in mice results in teratomas emerging from multiple organs, implying that full reprogramming can occur in vivo. Analyses of the stomach, intestine, pancreas and kidney reveal groups of dedifferentiated cells that express the pluripotency marker NANOG, indicative of in situ reprogramming. By bone marrow transplantation, we demonstrate that haematopoietic cells can also be reprogrammed in vivo. Notably, reprogrammable mice present circulating iPS cells in the blood and, at the transcriptome level, these in vivo generated iPS cells are closer to embryonic stem cells (ES cells) than standard in vitro generated iPS cells. Moreover, in vivo iPS cells efficiently contribute to the trophectoderm lineage, suggesting that they achieve a more plastic or primitive state than ES cells. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of in vivo iPS cells generates embryo-like structures that express embryonic and extraembryonic markers. We conclude that reprogramming in vivo is feasible and confers totipotency features absent in standard iPS or ES cells. These discoveries could be relevant for future applications of reprogramming in regenerative medicine.