Ca2+涌入需要KCa3.1离子通道,进而激活T细胞和B细胞。弄清KCa3.1的调节机制有助于治疗自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥。先前有研究证实KCa3.1可被PI(3)P间接激活。最近,纽约州立大学医学院药理学系的Shekhar Srivastava及其同事为PI(3)P激活KCa3.1找到了中间体——NDPK-B。研究结果刊登于12月8日《Molecular Cell》杂志电子版。
KCa3.1羧基端的14个氨基酸残基是PI(3)P进行调节的部位。研究人员利用这14个氨基酸肽段进行酵母双杂交实验,发现NDPK-B是相互作用的助手。转染细胞的KCa3.1和NDPK-B发生免疫共沉淀,T细胞的内源蛋白也发生免疫共沉淀。
NDPK-B过表达,可激活全细胞KCa3.1通道的活性;NDPK-B激酶无活性突变体(kinase inactive mutant)或者NDPK-A不能激活KCa3.1用wortmannin消除整个细胞的PI(3)P,导致KCa3.1通道无活性,NDPK-B引起这些细胞的活性需要补充额外的PI(3)P。
KCa3.1第358位点的组氨酸残基,位于C末端14个氨基酸序列内部,需要PI(3)P调节。相关的KCa2.1、KCa2.2、KCa2.3通道第358位是天门冬氨酸,这些通道不需要PI(3)P调节(先前研究证实),也不能被NDPK-B激活。体外实验中,KCa3.1的C末端可被NDPK-B磷酸化。His358发生突变,NDPK-B不能激活通道,这些突变的通道对PI(3)P削弱的引起抑制性效果有抵抗性。
对有活性的CD4+ T细胞进行mRNA分析,发现编码KCa3.1的基因数量上升;siRNA下调NDPK-B的活性,被激活的T细胞中的KCa3.1通道活性下降,不相关的K+通道活性不受影响。
KCa3.1使膜超极化,为Ca2+涌入提供了潜在的动力。实验证实RNAi沉默NDPK-B后,Ca2+向被激活的T细胞的涌入能力下降。由此证明NDPK-B对于调节T细胞功能有重要作用。
这些研究结果为证实“组胺酸磷酸化调节哺乳动物的生理学过程”,弄清“组胺酸磷酸化调节离子通道活性”提供了模型。NDPK-B在CD4 T细胞活化过程中的关键作用,有助于寻找激活T细胞的新途径。
部分英文原文:
Histidine Phosphorylation of the Potassium Channel KCa3.1 by Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase B Is Required for Activation of KCa3.1 and CD4 T Cells
The Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is required for Ca2+ influx and the subsequent activation of B and T cells. Inhibitors of KCa3.1 are in development to treat autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection, underscoring the importance in understanding how these channels are regulated. We show that nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK-B), a mammalian histidine kinase, functions downstream of PI(3)P to activate KCa3.1. NDPK-B directly binds and activates KCa3.1 by phosphorylating histidine 358 in the carboxyl terminus of KCa3.1. Endogenous NDPK-B is also critical for KCa3.1 channel activity and the subsequent activation of CD4 T cells. These findings provide one of the best examples whereby histidine phosphorylation regulates a biological process in mammals, and provide an example whereby a channel is regulated by histidine phosphorylation. The critical role for NDPK-B in the reactivation of CD4 T cells indicates that understanding NDPK-B regulation should uncover novel pathways required for T cell activation.
更多原文链接:
http://www.molecule.org/content/article/abstract?uid=PIIS1097276506007830