生物谷报道:一个加拿大研究人员牵头的研究小组发现了I型糖尿病的关键病因,基于此“突破”,他们可以治愈患有糖尿病的小鼠,并可能将惠及全世界数百万的糖尿病患者。科研人员在一项声明中说:“该项研究所取得的突破性结果是糖尿病科研工作中长期以来希望获得的结果,根据这项研究成果可以制定新的糖尿病治疗方案,并可在不出现严重或毒性免疫抑制的情况下治愈糖尿病”。
这篇Toronto's医院、Calgary大学以及Maine的Jackson实验室科研人员完成的研究论文发表于12月15日的Cell杂志上。I型糖尿病属于自体免疫紊乱性疾病,在全世界范围内有数百万的患者,其中约10%的病例属于I型糖尿病。在胰岛素生成细胞出现炎性反应并最终被损坏后,机体不能生成胰岛素,进而引发I型糖尿病。胰岛素不足对机体会产生致命的影响,现在的胰岛素替代疗法通常会启发多不良反应,如心脏病、失明、中风、肢体功能障碍以及肾功能损伤等。多数针对I型糖尿病的科学研究均关注于免疫系统,但加拿大研究人员牵头的研究组发现了该疾病和神经系统的某种联系。
该研究组发现,合成胰岛素的胰岛细胞在神经方面的异常是引发小鼠出现I型糖尿病的主要原因。将小鼠的感官神经元去除可防止细胞出现炎症,并使小鼠不会出现机能紊乱。通过注射药物也可以在一天之内清除小鼠胰岛细胞的炎性,并可使糖尿病相关的胰岛素抗性恢复正常。该项研究的合作者,Calgary大学的Pere Santamaria认为:“我们已经对I型糖尿病和II型糖尿病有了更深入的了解,并制定了新的治疗方案。我们现在正努力将我们的科研成果应用于感官神经异常糖尿病患者的治疗,但现在我们还不知道这种神经方面的异常是否在早期就已经出现以及是否对糖尿病病情发展具有影响”。研究者表示,现在正在采用新的治疗方案对II型糖尿病或肥胖相关糖尿病进行治疗,这类糖尿病的胰岛素抗性甚至更强,但有“足够的证据”表明,该项方法具有一定效果。
Figure 1. Removal of TRPV1+ Neurons Reduces Islet Infiltration and Diabetes Progression
Immunohistochemistry of TRPV1+ neurons in pancreas of 8-week-old NODctrl (A) and NODcaps (B). Insulin, blue; GFAP, red; and TRPV1, green; insert, dual-color stain for TRPV1 and GFAP in an adjacent, serial section (A). Western blot analysis of TRPV1 expression in spinal cord protein extracts from NODctrl and NODcaps mice at 12 (first lane) and 20 weeks of age (second lane) (C). Insulitis was scored in at least 300 islets from NODctrl and from NODcaps mice, 20 weeks of age (n = 5/group) (D). Kinetics of insulitis (E) and diabetes development in NODctrl and NODcaps mice (F).
原文出处:
Cell December 15, 2006: 127 (6)
TRPV1+ Sensory Neurons Control β Cell Stress and Islet Inflammation in Autoimmune Diabetesp1123
Rozita Razavi, Yin Chan, F. Nikoo Afifiyan, Xue Jun Liu, Xiang Wan, Jason Yantha, Hubert Tsui, Lan Tang, Sue Tsai, Pere Santamaria, John P. Driver, David Serreze, Michael W. Salter, and H.-Michael Dosch
[Summary] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]
Sensory Neurons Link the Nervous System and Autoimmune Diabetesp1097
Helene Bour-Jordan and Jeffrey A. Bluestone
[Summary] [Full Text] [PDF]
作者简介:
Dr. Pere Santamaria
Department Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Faculty Medicine
Institution University of Calgary
Project Title T-cell tolerance versus genetic resistance to spontaneous autoimmune diabetes.
Description of Project Type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the result of complete and irreversible destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas by certain white blood cells of the immune system. These white blood cells begin to accumulate in the pancreas months or even years before clinical symptoms of the disease develop. Dr. Santamaria aims to understand the mechanisms that control the development, activation, and recruitment of these white blood cells during the pre-symptomatic (pre-diabetic) disease state, and to learn how to turn them off.