生物谷援引上海上海生命科学研究院:我科学家发现细胞关键增殖信号通路的空间调控新分子
本周,《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America)发表了中科院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所陈雁研究组关于ERK信号通路调控的最新研究成果。该研究发现了一个新的Raf-1调控蛋白,第一次揭示了Raf-1的空间调控方式,并提示了一种在高尔基体上遏制ERK信号通路的新机制,为未来研究肿瘤细胞过度增生的分子机理进而治疗癌症提示了一个新的思路和新的靶点。
陈雁研究组的博士生冯琳等人发现了一个新的ERK信号通路的负调控蛋白,并将其命名为RKTG(Raf Kinase Trapping to Golgi)。RKTG与已知的脂联素受体(AdipoR1和AdipoR2)同属于PAQR家族,具有七次跨膜蛋白的特有结构。研究发现,和定位在质膜上的脂联素受体有所不同,RKTG特异定位于高尔基细胞器上,并且具有与脂联素受体完全不同的功能。RKTG通过与Raf-1的相互结合将胞质中分布的Raf-1锚定在高尔基体上,从而干扰了Raf-1与其上游的Ras以及下游的MEK蛋白的结合,并且削弱Raf-1激酶的活化,继而阻碍了Ras将信号向下游分子传递,最终导致ERK信号受到抑制。该结论在小鼠模型中得到了进一步的验证,在RKTG敲除小鼠中ERK活性增强,并且在受到生长因子刺激时表现出更强烈、持续时间更长久的ERK激活。
ERK信号通路在细胞增殖和分化等关键过程中发挥了重要的作用。ERK信号在体内受到严格调控,细胞类型不同、刺激因素不同、激活持续时间不同等因素可以产生不同的ERK信号,导致不同的生物学效应,而其失调会导致恶性肿瘤的发生。近年来对ERK通路的成员,如RAS、MEK等分子的亚细胞空间调控的发现为进一步阐释ERK信号复杂的调控方式提供了新的思路,然而Raf是否也受到空间调控却尚未发现。冯琳等人的研究发现了一个新的Raf-1调控蛋白,第一次揭示了Raf-1的空间调控方式,并提示了一种在高尔基体上遏制ERK信号通路的新机制,为未来研究肿瘤细胞过度增生的分子机理进而治疗癌症提示了一个新的思路和新的靶点。在实验过程中有关荧光素酶活性检测的试剂盒是我国上海科端生物科技有限公司生产的(商标 KenReal),国产荧光素酶试剂盒的质量得到了验证和肯定。
该项工作受到中科院百人计划、国家杰出青年基金、国家重大科学研究计划、以及上海市科委的资助。
原始出处:
Published online before print August 27, 2007
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0701298104
Cell Biology
Spatial regulation of Raf kinase signaling by RKTG
( EGF | ERK | Golgi | Raf-1 | Ras | PAQR3 )
Lin Feng, Xiaoduo Xie, Qiurong Ding, Xiaolin Luo, Jing He, Fengjuan Fan, Weizhong Liu, Zhenzhen Wang, and Yan Chen *
Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Edited by Melanie H. Cobb, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, and approved July 18, 2007 (received for review February 12, 2007)
Subcellular compartmentalization has become an important theme in cell signaling such as spatial regulation of Ras by RasGRP1 and MEK/ERK by Sef. Here, we report spatial regulation of Raf kinase by RKTG (Raf kinase trapping to Golgi). RKTG is a seven-transmembrane protein localized at the Golgi apparatus. RKTG expression inhibits EGF-stimulated ERK and RSK phosphorylation, blocks NGF-mediated PC12 cell differentiation, and antagonizes Ras- and Raf-1-stimulated Elk-1 transactivation. Through interaction with Raf-1, RKTG changes the localization of Raf-1 from cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus, blocks EGF-stimulated Raf-1 membrane translocation, and reduces the interaction of Raf-1 with Ras and MEK1. In RKTG-null mice, the basal ERK phosphorylation level is increased in the brain and liver. In RKTG-deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts, EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation is enhanced. Collectively, our results reveal a paradigm of spatial regulation of Raf kinase by RKTG via sequestrating Raf-1 to the Golgi apparatus and thereby inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.
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