美国科学家的一项最新研究表明,一种微小的RNA分子(即microRNA)能够促使乳腺癌细胞肆虐和扩散。该发现有望为癌症治疗提供新的标靶,相关论文9月26日发表于《自然》杂志。
一般情况下,microRNA帮助调控基因活动以及动植物的协调发育。已有研究表明,这些分子也会变“邪恶”,显著地导致癌症发生。不过,科学家对其中的机制还知之甚少。
领导最新研究的是美国Whitehead生物医学研究所的Robert Weinberg,他的小组对microRNA在乳腺癌细胞扩散和转移过程中所起到的作用进行了追踪研究。从之前29种与乳腺癌相关的microRNA中,研究人员确定出一种名为miR-10b的“凶犯”,它不仅在非转移癌细胞中起作用,在一个极富侵略性的人类乳腺癌细胞系中也十分流行。当研究人员将miR-10b灭活后,这些细胞的侵略性减少了十分之一。而当科学家将miR-10b导入非转移乳腺癌细胞培养基后,这些癌细胞变得极富侵略性,转移能力很强。
随后,研究小组将能够制造miR-10b的乳腺癌细胞移植入幼年雌鼠的乳腺区域。6周后,这些细胞开始散布到机体不同的组织中,比如肺部。而与此相比,非转移癌细胞只会导致小鼠产生乳腺癌,并不会扩散开来。
研究人员最终确定了影响miR-10b活性的遗传路径。他们发现,该microRNA的制造要受到一种名为Twist的基因的控制,该基因此前被认为是胚胎发育的“主要调控因子”。反过来,miR-10b也会影响另外两种与细胞迁移和癌症形成相关基因的表达。
Weinberg和同事谨慎地表示,虽然miR-10b对触发乳腺癌细胞扩散有重要影响,但这项发现能否带来新的治疗标靶还不确定。论文第一作者Li Ma说,“尽管很有可能,但我们不能下结论说,以miR-10b作为标靶能够抑制转移。”
不过,同行还是给了这项研究很高的评价。美国耶鲁大学发育生物学家、microRNA研究先驱Frank Slack表示,“这项工作进行得天衣无缝,用于治疗的潜力很大,值得继续研究。”俄亥俄州立大学的癌症遗传学家Carlo Croce也认为,新的发现“非常重要,有望为治疗提供重要的标靶。”(科学网 任霄鹏/编译)
原始出处:
Nature advance online publication 26 September 2007 | doi:10.1038/nature06174; Received 29 June 2007; Accepted 16 August 2007; Published online 26 September 2007
Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer
Li Ma1, Julie Teruya-Feldstein2 & Robert A. Weinberg1
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
Correspondence to: Robert A. Weinberg1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.A.W. (Email: weinberg@wi.mit.edu).
MicroRNAs have been implicated in regulating diverse cellular pathways. Although there is emerging evidence that some microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, the role of microRNAs in mediating cancer metastasis remains unexplored. Here we show, using a combination of mouse and human cells, that microRNA-10b (miR-10b) is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells and positively regulates cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of miR-10b in otherwise non-metastatic breast tumours initiates robust invasion and metastasis. Expression of miR-10b is induced by the transcription factor Twist, which binds directly to the putative promoter of mir-10b (MIRN10B). The miR-10b induced by Twist proceeds to inhibit translation of the messenger RNA encoding homeobox D10, resulting in increased expression of a well-characterized pro-metastatic gene, RHOC. Significantly, the level of miR-10b expression in primary breast carcinomas correlates with clinical progression. These findings suggest the workings of an undescribed regulatory pathway, in which a pleiotropic transcription factor induces expression of a specific microRNA, which suppresses its direct target and in turn activates another pro-metastatic gene, leading to tumour cell invasion and metastasis.