(封面图片:磷脂酶C(蓝色结构)被连接TIM barrel两个部分的一个环状结构(紫红色结构)阻碍。而磷脂酶活性的自抑制过程会得到Rho GTPases和异源三聚体G蛋白的减缓,它们激活的PLC-β2将通过活性中心取代起到阻碍作用的环状结构,从而使得磷脂酶C能与底物-磷脂酰肌醇(黄色结构)结合。)
磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)是一类可以催化磷脂C的磷脂酰键水解断裂的酶,PLC在生物的生命活动中起着第二信使的作用,其广泛存在于各种原核、真核生物之中,只是在分子结构上略有差异。PLC的同工酶直接由异源三聚体G蛋白(heterotrimeric G protein)和Ras-like GTPases蛋白激发,从而将磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸(phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate)水解成为第二信使甘油二酯(diacylglycerol)以及肌醇三磷酸(inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)。G蛋白在TCR/CD3与磷脂酶C的结合过程中起着重要的调节作用,通过G蛋白可以使得PLC发生活化,从而激活磷脂酰肌醇代谢途径。
尽管PLC在多种信号级联放大过程中都起着主导作用,但是PLC激活过程中的分子学机制目前尚不清楚。在2008年8月8日出版的《分子细胞》(Molecular Cell)上,来自美国北卡罗来纳大学医学院的一组科学家发表了他们的最新研究结果。文章称,PLC的活性中心受到一个连接TIM-barrel蛋白两个部分的环状结构的阻碍。而去除这个结构能组成性激活(constitutively activate)PLC-β2,与此同时也并不会消除其被经典G蛋白调节子进一步激发的能力。
磷脂酶活性的自抑制过程会得到Rho GTPases和异源三聚体G蛋白的减缓,它们激活的PLC-β2将以活性中心取代起到阻碍作用的环状结构,从而使得PLC能与底物-磷脂酰肌醇(PtdIns(4,5)P2)结合。而类似的调节过程也会发生于其它的PLC蛋白中,在文章中,科学家提出了一种膜界面活化过程的普遍机制,这为PLC的各种激活过程提供了一个统一的框架。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Molecular Cell,Vol 31, 383-394, 08 August 2008,Stephanie N. Hicks, John Sondek
General and Versatile Autoinhibition of PLC Isozymes
Stephanie N. Hicks,1 Mark R. Jezyk,1,4 Svetlana Gershburg,1 Jason P. Seifert,1 T. Kendall Harden,1,2 and John Sondek1,2,3,
1 Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
2 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Summary
Phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes are directly activated by heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-like GTPases to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Although PLCs play central roles in myriad signaling cascades, the molecular details of their activation remain poorly understood. As described here, the crystal structure of PLC-β2 illustrates occlusion of the active site by a loop separating the two halves of the catalytic TIM barrel. Removal of this insertion constitutively activates PLC-β2 without ablating its capacity to be further stimulated by classical G protein modulators. Similar regulation occurs in other PLC members, and a general mechanism of interfacial activation at membranes is presented that provides a unifying framework for PLC activation by diverse stimuli.