蛋白质磷酸酶-2A(protein phosphatae 2A,PP2A)是真核生物体内的主要丝/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶,在结构上拥有很多不同基因编码的亚基,并且分别组成多种不同的PP2A全酶,参与到细胞周期、DNA复制、信号转导、细胞分化和细胞恶性转化等多种细胞生物学事件,并且和神经退行性疾病等多种疾病有关。
PP2A占到大脑蛋白质总量的1%。而Tau蛋白是大脑中另一种含量丰富的蛋白,在高度磷酸化条件下,Tau蛋白会聚集成为神经原纤维缠结。在2008年9月26日出版的《分子细胞》(Molecular Cell)上,来自美国普林斯顿大学的施一公等科学家表示,他们发现了一种影响Tau蛋白脱磷酸的异源三聚体酶PP2A的结构和作用机制。
蛋白质磷酸酶-2A调节多种细胞生理的关键过程,而B/B55/PR55调节家族被认为在Tau的脱磷酸过程中起到了关键的作用,Tau蛋白的高度磷酸化是造成阿兹海默症的原因之一。在此之前科学家对于PP2A-Tau之间联系的内在机制了解的很少,在本期的封面文章中,作者表示他们得到了Tau脱磷酸测试的完全重构,同时还得到了一种包含调节亚基Bα的异源三聚体PP2A全酶。
结果表明,调节亚基Bα将显著的促进磷酸化Tau蛋白的脱磷酸过程。Bα调节亚基包含一个七面的β螺旋桨结构(seven-bladed propeller),在螺旋桨结构的中央还存在一个酸性的底物结合凹槽。β螺旋桨通过一个突出的β发夹状结构结合在PP2A支架亚基上。研究最终揭示出PP2A调节的Tau蛋白脱磷酸过程的基础。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Molecular Cell,Vol 31, 873, 26 September 2008,Yanhui Xu, Yigong Shi
Structure of a Protein Phosphatase 2A Holoenzyme: Insights into B55-Mediated Tau Dephosphorylation
Yanhui Xu,1,2,3 Yu Chen,1,2 Ping Zhang,1 Philip D. Jeffrey,1 and Yigong Shi1,4,
1 Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
2 These authors contributed equally to this work
3 Present address: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
4 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates many essential aspects of cellular physiology. Members of the regulatory B/B55/PR55 family are thought to play a key role in the dephosphorylation of Tau, whose hyperphosphorylation contributes to Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms of the PP2A-Tau connection remain largely enigmatic. Here, we report the complete reconstitution of a Tau dephosphorylation assay and the crystal structure of a heterotrimeric PP2A holoenzyme involving the regulatory subunit Bα. We show that Bα specifically and markedly facilitates dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated Tau in our reconstituted assay. The Bα subunit comprises a seven-bladed β propeller, with an acidic, substrate-binding groove located in the center of the propeller. The β propeller latches onto the ridge of the PP2A scaffold subunit with the help of a protruding β hairpin arm. Structure-guided mutagenesis studies revealed the underpinnings of PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of Tau.