酵母Mrc1基因是多细胞动物Claspin的一种同源基因(ortholog),Mrc1基因不但是正常的DNA复制叉(replication fork)的一个中心组成部分,同时也是S期检查点的一个重要调节子。在2008年10月10日出版的《分子细胞》(Molecular Cell)上,来自美国和日本的一组科学家发表文章称他们发现Mrc1能通过与DNA聚合酶共同作用,从而影响DNA的复制。
在封面文章中,研究人员发现Mrc1能够与Pol2发生相互作用,Pol2是DNA聚合酶ε的一个催化亚基,它们对于DNA领头链(leading strand)的复制以及检查点都非常重要。Mrc1能分别与细胞中Pol2的氨基末端(Pol2N)和羧基末端部分(Pol2C)发生作用。令人惊讶的是,在S期检查点时期发生的Mrc1磷酸化过程将会去除与Pol2N的结合发生,但是却不会影响到与Pol2C的相互作用。Mrc1对于HU蛋白复制叉Pol2的稳定是必需的。对于野生型细胞,S期检查点保证了在存在复制抑制剂-羟基脲(hydroxyurea)的情况下,DNA复制蛋白依然与复制叉关联。在缺少Mrc1时,大部分蛋白仍然位于复制叉上,然而此时Pol2则完全分离了。
因此科学家们认为,这种独特的Mrc1/ Pol2双向相互作用或许是在发生了领头链的DNA破坏情况下调节S期检查点的一个额外步骤。作者在文章中表示,同时还能与MCMs发生作用的Mrc1或许起到调节复制叉的聚合与分离等的作用。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Molecular Cell,Vol 32, 106-117, 10 October 2008,Huiqiang Lou, Judith L. Campbell
Mrc1 and DNA Polymerase ε Function Together in Linking DNA Replication and the S Phase Checkpoint
Huiqiang Lou,1 Makiko Komata,2 Yuki Katou,2 Zhiyun Guan,1 Clara C. Reis,1 Martin Budd,1 Katsuhiko Shirahige,2 and Judith L. Campbell1,
1 Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
2 Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Division for Gene Research, Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-65, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
Summary
Yeast Mrc1, ortholog of metazoan Claspin, is both a central component of normal DNA replication forks and a mediator of the S phase checkpoint. We report that Mrc1 interacts with Pol2, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ε, essential for leading-strand DNA replication and for the checkpoint. In unperturbed cells, Mrc1 interacts independently with both the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of Pol2 (Pol2N and Pol2C). Strikingly, phosphorylation of Mrc1 during the S phase checkpoint abolishes Pol2N binding, but not Pol2C interaction. Mrc1 is required to stabilize Pol2 at replication forks stalled in HU. The bimodal Mrc1/Pol2 interaction may be an additional step in regulating the S phase checkpoint response to DNA damage on the leading strand. We propose that Mrc1, which also interacts with the MCMs, may modulate coupling of polymerization and unwinding at the replication fork.