中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理国家重点实验室汪海林研究员与加拿大阿尔伯塔大学Chris Le和Michael Weinfeld教授合作发现一种测定DNA构象变化的新方法,并以此为基础,揭示了一种DNA修复机制。该研究成果的详细论文发表在2009年6月15日出版的美国《国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。
该研究是一项多学科的交叉研究,国际间的紧密合作为研究的成功提供了可能。除了以上介绍的生物分析和分子毒理研究方面专家,还获得在生物化学和生物物理方面研究者的支持,如美国国立环境健康研究所的Bennett Van Houten博士、纽约大学的Eric Tang博士和蒙大拿大学的Alexander Ross博士。
人和其他生物常暴露于多种可造成DNA损伤的化学和物理试剂,如紫外光、多环芳烃、重金属元素。如果损伤未能得到适当的修复,可引起基因突变,并有可能进一步引发癌症或造成细胞死亡。幸运的是,虽然我们每天经历DNA损伤但并不一定会发展成为癌症。这种幸运很大程度上来自于奇妙的DNA修复功能,保护我们的细胞防止突变。令人惊奇的是,同一DNA修复蛋白可识别并修复许多化学结构不同的DNA损伤。DNA修复分子是如何高效率地工作?这一谜团的解开将有助于癌症的预防和治疗,因此在世界范围内科学家们开展广泛的研究。
为实现对DNA损伤的修复,细胞利用一组蛋白质结合于损伤位点,适当地切除含损伤的一段寡脱氧核苷酸,并合成新的片断填补空白。修复后的DNA可恢复到以前的状态。在修复过程中,发生许多复杂但受到良好控制的酶反应。
最新研究将有助于解释一些修复蛋白是如何展示它们可识别多种损伤的独特能力。研究人员研究了与人修复相似的大肠杆菌(E.coli)修复通路,该修复通路可修复紫外和许多致癌性化合物引起的DNA损伤。研究发现在修复的早期过程中,一种蛋白可将损伤的DNA缠绕于另一种重要的蛋白。DNA缠绕可局部融解DNA的双螺旋结构,使修复酶可接触到损伤部位。
该项DNA修复研究工作源于汪海林博士的偶然发现。最初的设想是利用DNA修复酶作为亲和探针发展同时检测多种DNA损伤的分析方法。在研究中,汪海林博士意外地发现一种DNA修复酶与荧光标记的损伤DNA作用可产生非分子量依赖的高荧光偏振响应。为解释这一特殊现象,汪海林博士设计多种DNA探针和实验,证明了这种高荧光偏振响应与DNA缠绕相关。在Chris Le和Michael Weinfeld教授支持下,汪海林博士将课题转向修复机制的研究。利用新发现的荧光偏振特性,揭示了DNA修复机器可识别多种不同化学结构DNA损伤的机制。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PNAS June 22, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0902281106
DNA wrapping is required for DNA damage recognition in the Escherichia coli DNA nucleotide excision repair pathway
Hailin Wanga,b, Meiling Lua, Moon-shong Tangc, Bennett Van Houtend,1, J. B. Alexander Rosse, Michael Weinfeldf,2 and X. Chris Lea,2
aDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3;
bState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
cDepartment of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY 10987;
dNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;
eDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioSpectroscopy Core Research Laboratory, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
fExperimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1Z2
Localized DNA melting may provide a general strategy for recognition of the wide array of chemically and structurally diverse DNA lesions repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. However, it is not clear what causes such DNA melting and how it is driven. Here, we show a DNA wrapping–melting model supported by results from dynamic monitoring of the key DNA–protein and protein–protein interactions involved in the early stages of the Escherichia coli NER process. Using an analytical technique involving capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence polarization, which combines a mobility shift assay with conformational analysis, we demonstrate that DNA wrapping around UvrB, mediated by UvrA, is an early event in the damage-recognition process during E. coli NER. DNA wrapping of UvrB was confirmed by F?rster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence lifetime measurements. This wrapping did not occur with readily denaturable damaged DNA substrates (“bubble” DNA), suggesting that DNA wrapping of UvrB plays an important role in the induction of DNA melting around the damage site. Analysis of DNA wrapping of mutant UvrB Y96A further suggests that a cooperative interaction between DNA wrapping of UvrA2B and contact of the β-hairpin of UvrB with the bulky damage moiety may be involved in the local DNA melting at the damage site.