近日来自美国德克萨斯大学加尔维斯顿医学分部及加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的研究人员,在新研究中解析了一个在多种疾病例如糖尿病和癌症的生理过程中起关键性作用的蛋白质。这一研究成果将有助于推动科学家们开发出治疗这些疾病的新型药物。相关研究论文被选为 “封面故事”发布在著名期刊《生物化学期刊》(Journal of Biological Chemistry)上。
“在这项研究中我们应用了一种功能强大的蛋白质结构分析方法,研究了cAMP化学信号启动其蛋白质开关Epac2的机制,”德克萨斯大学加尔维斯顿医学分部Sealy结构生物学和分子物理学中心成员、药理学与毒理学系教授程晓东说。
cAMP分子在包括大脑学习和记忆、心脏收缩与舒张以及胰腺胰岛素分泌等多种生理过程中均起着重要的调控作用。在细胞内cAMP主要通过结合、激活并开启特异性的受体蛋白质的方式启动下游信号途径。
当这一细胞信号通路出现异常时则会导致多种疾病例如糖尿病、癌症及心力衰竭等发生。深入了解cAMP介导的细胞信号通路对于开发出特异性靶向cAMP-Epac2信号元件的新型治疗策略具有重要的意义。
在这一研究项目中,程晓东领导的研究小组与加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学系教授Virgil Woods Jr及同事展开合作,开发和利用了一种氢/氘交换质谱测定技术(DXMS)对cAMP信号通路进行了研究。相对于其他的蛋白质分析技术,DXMS尤其适用于研究蛋白质的结构运动。
利用这一新型技术,研究人员详细地解析了cAMP逐步与Epac2上的两个已知位点结合产生相互作用,并以一种非常特异性方式改变Epac2蛋白形状,启动Epac2活性的过程。研究结果表明cAMP诱导的Epac2激活受到cAMP第二结合域C末端铰链运动的调控。这一构象的改变促使Epac2调控元件重新排列远离催化核心,以便于随后的效应器结合。此外,研究人员发现cAMP第一结合域与第二结合域的接口处于高度动态,这一特征揭示了cAMP能够进入晶体结构中被其他cAMP结合域相互阻隔的配体结合位点之谜。
“DXMS分析方法已被证实是一种功能极其强大的技术,它可以单独运用亦可与其他技术结合使用,用于解析蛋白质在正常情况下改变形状发挥功能的机制,”Woods说:“这一技术可在将来广泛地运用到鉴别及开发靶向这些蛋白质运动的治疗性药物中去。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
The Journal of Biological Chemistry DOI:10.1074/jbc.M111.224535
Mechanism of Intracellular cAMP Sensor Epac2 Activation cAMP-INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES IDENTIFIED BY AMIDE HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE MASS SPECTROMETRY (DXMS)
Sheng Li, Tamara Tsalkova, Mark A. White, Fang C. Mei, Tong Liu, Daphne Wang, Virgil L. Woods Jr and Xiaodong Cheng
Epac2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, regulates a wide variety of intracellular processes in response to second messenger cAMP. In this study, we have used peptide amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to probe the solution structural and conformational dynamics of full-length Epac2 in the presence and absence of cAMP. The results support a mechanism in which cAMP-induced Epac2 activation is mediated by a major hinge motion centered on the C terminus of the second cAMP binding domain. This conformational change realigns the regulatory components of Epac2 away from the catalytic core, making the later available for effector binding. Furthermore, the interface between the first and second cAMP binding domains is highly dynamic, providing an explanation of how cAMP gains access to the ligand binding sites that, in the crystal structure, are seen to be mutually occluded by the other cAMP binding domain. Moreover, cAMP also induces conformational changes at the ionic latch/hairpin structure, which is directly involved in RAP1 binding. These results suggest that in addition to relieving the steric hindrance imposed upon the catalytic lobe by the regulatory lobe, cAMP may also be an allosteric modulator directly affecting the interaction between Epac2 and RAP1. Finally, cAMP binding also induces significant conformational changes in the dishevelled/Egl/pleckstrin (DEP) domain, a conserved structural motif that, although missing from the active Epac2 crystal structure, is important for Epac subcellular targeting and in vivo functions.