科学界已经知晓,在人类卵子的受精过程中,卵子表面的一系列特殊糖分子起着重要作用。只有精子头部的蛋白质与这些糖分子完全匹配后,精子和卵子的表层才开始绑定,随后二者开始合并,精子开始向卵子内部释放DNA,卵子也就开始受精。但在绑定“前戏”发生时,哪类糖分子或者糖分子组合最关键呢?一个国际研究团队给出了答案。
在一项新研究中,英国伦敦帝国学院、美国密苏里大学、中国香港大学和台湾“中央研究院”研究人员,使用了超灵敏光谱成像技术找出了促使精卵“牵手”的最重要“红娘”——名为SLeX的糖链(糖分子按特定序列形成的链状物)。他们发现,SLeX在卵子表面异常丰富,进一步的实验室研究确认,正是这种糖链将精子绑定于卵子。
这项研究成果8月19日发表在美国新一期《科学》杂志上。
参与研究的伦敦帝国学院教授安妮·德尔表示,“我们发现的这些细节填补了对受精知识理解的空白,我们希望能最终帮助那些目前还没法生育的人群”。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1207438
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Human Sperm Binding Is Mediated by the Sialyl-Lewisx Oligosaccharide on the Zona Pellucida
Pang, Poh-Choo; Chiu, Philip C. N.; Lee, Cheuk-Lun; Chang, Lan-Yi; Panico, Maria; Morris, Howard R.; Haslam, Stuart M.; Khoo, Kay-Hooi; Clark, Gary F.; Yeung, William S. B.; Dell, Anne
Human fertilization begins when spermatozoa bind to the extracellular matrix coating of the oocyte, known as the zona pellucida (ZP). One spermatozoan then penetrates this matrix and fuses with the egg cell, generating a zygote. Although carbohydrate sequences on the ZP have been implicated in sperm binding, the nature of the ligand was unknown. Here, ultrasensitive mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the sialyl-Lewisx sequence (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc), a well-known selectin ligand, is the most abundant terminal sequence on the N- and O-glycans of human ZP. Sperm-ZP binding was largely inhibited by glycoconjugates terminated with sialyl-Lewisx sequences or by antibodies directed against this sequence. Thus, the sialyl-Lewisx sequence represents the major carbohydrate ligand for human sperm-egg binding.