据美国物理学家组织网近日报道,美国约翰·霍普金斯大学医学院在细胞的“能量工厂”线粒体中发现了一种与血压控制有关的蛋白质,其数量会随着年龄增长而下降。经动物实验证明,抗高血压药物氯沙坦(losartan)能增加这种蛋白质的数量,使细胞恢复较年轻水平。该发现有助于为那些与线粒体相关的老年病带来新的治疗方法,如糖尿病、听力下降、身体衰弱和帕金森病(振颤麻痹)等。研究发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》网站上。
根据以往研究显示,改变细胞内血管紧张素(angiotensin)水平会影响线粒体制造能量。霍普金斯医学院老年医学教授杰里米·沃尔斯顿和副教授彼得·阿贝德对血管紧张素在线粒体中的作用进行了深入研究。他们用高倍显微镜观察了小鼠的肾脏、肝脏、心肌细胞和人类白细胞,在线粒体内发现了血管紧张素和它的一种受体,并确定了该受体在线粒体中的位置。
“我们发现线粒体中的血管紧张素有一套独立运作的控制系统,能对线粒体内的能量调控产生影响。”沃尔斯顿说,“该系统可以被一种医疗中常用的降压药来激活,当收到药物信号时,能同时影响细胞的氧化氮水平和能量制造。”
研究小组用化学方法激活血管紧张素受体来观察细胞的反应,发现细胞的耗氧量下降了一半,而产生的氧化氮有所增加。沃尔斯顿解释说,这表明线粒体制造了更少的能量,降低了血压。
研究人员对幼年和老年鼠线粒体中血管紧张素进行了检测,发现老年鼠线粒体血管紧张素受体Ⅱ型的数量降低了近1/3,这表明老年鼠的细胞已经不能控制能量的使用。他们用降压药物氯沙坦对这些老年鼠进行了20周的治疗,发现它们细胞中血管紧张素受体的数量增加了。“用氯沙坦治疗老年鼠,可以使受体数量显著增加,这对血压有好处并能降低炎症。”沃尔斯顿说。
研究人员表示,他们下一步将从细胞培养和动物实验转到人类实验,希望开发新的治疗方法。在老年人常患的各类慢性疾病中,很多都与线粒体功能衰退有关,沃尔斯顿说:“我们的发现有助于找到那些能介入受体的药物,增进线粒体功能,提高能量制造水平,帮助治疗各种老年慢性病。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1101507108
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Identification and characterization of a functional mitochondrial angiotensin system
Abadir, Peter M.; Foster, D. Brian; Crow, Michael; Cooke, Carol A.; Rucker, Jasma J.; Jain, Alka; Smith, Barbara J.; Burks, Tyesha N.; Cohn, Ronald D.; Fedarko, Neal S.; Carey, Robert M.; O’Rourke, Brian; Walston, Jeremy D.
The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system regulates multiple physiological functions through Ang II type 1 and type 2 receptors.Prior studies suggest an intracellular pool of Ang II that may be released in an autocrine manner upon stretch to activatesurface membrane Ang receptors. Alternatively, an intracellular renin-Ang system has been proposed, with a primary focus onnuclear Ang receptors. A mitochondrial Ang system has not been previously described. Here we report that functional Ang IItype 2 receptors are present on mitochondrial inner membranes and are colocalized with endogenous Ang. We demonstrate thatactivation of the mitochondrial Ang system is coupled to mitochondrial nitric oxide production and can modulate respiration.In addition, we present evidence of age-related changes in mitochondrial Ang receptor expression, i.e., increased mitochondrialAng II type 1 receptor and decreased type 2 receptor density that is reversed by chronic treatment with the Ang II type 1receptor blocker losartan. The presence of a functional Ang system in human mitochondria provides a foundation for understandingthe interaction between mitochondria and chronic disease states and reveals potential therapeutic targets for optimizing mitochondrialfunction and decreasing chronic disease burden with aging.