运用一种DNA条形码技术来进行比较基因组学研究,科学家就可以识别出寄生蠕虫的不同种类以及生活周期,这样,研究者就可以提出建议,人们的食物是否会违背犹太教饮食规则,研究者的研究成果已经于近日刊登在了国际杂志Journal of Parasitology上,文章中,研究者揭示了人类的食物中尽管含有一些线虫,但是依然符合犹太教的饮食规则。
大约75%的预包装食品都要成为符合犹太教规的清洁食物,无脊椎动物学博物馆馆长Mark Siddall表示,许多非犹太教人在准备食物的时候就需要寻找到这样的规则,不含有犹太教规的违规食品,如果你是一个食品供应商,没有掌握这样的规则,将会面临很大麻烦。这项研究去年三月份开始,研究者们将一些合乎规定的沙丁鱼和毛鳞鱼蛋带劲了博物馆,研究者的重点是想看看蠕虫的出现会不是成为一个标志,就是以后在沙丁鱼和毛鳞鱼蛋中是否可以添加别的合乎规定的内容物,如果确实如此,以后就可以进行添加。
决定罐头食品是否合乎规定关键在于蠕虫的生活周期,研究者Siddall说,有些种类的蠕虫在幼虫期时会生活在鱼类的肌肉中,而别的种类在成年的时候生长在鱼的肠道中,如果我们知道了这些寄生虫的生长周期,那么我们就可以确定哪些种类的寄生虫是可以在罐头食品中的。为了进行研究,研究者们用遗传条形码的技术,可以短时间内高效率地识别任何一片肉,甚至是皮革上的寄生虫种群。
在本研究中,研究者识别出了许多不同种类的线虫,这些发现的线虫没有一种生活在鱼类的肠道之中,因此就再次证明了在鱼肉和鸡蛋中并没有蛔虫的存在,也符合犹太教的饮食规则,文章中的另一作者Sebastian Kvist表示,对于研究来说,我们是第一次将DNA条形码技术应用于大众关心的问题上,我们的研究成果又是一个例证,证明了一切科学研究就是为帮助人们,为人们服务的。(生物谷:T.Shen编译)
doi:10.1645/GE-2994.1
PMC:
PMID:
DNA barcoding of parasitic nematodes: Is it kosher?
Siddall ME, Kvist S, Phillips AJ, Oceguera-Figueroa AF.
Abstract Nematode parasites were encountered in kosher certified fish meat and roe, and the question was raised as to whether or not these food products were kosher as it concerns food preparation standards; a matter that pertains to the identity and, by extension, the lifecycle of the parasites. To ascertain the identities of parasitic nematodes, given the distorted or damaged nature of the specimens, molecular techniques were applied in the form of DNA barcoding. To our knowledge, this is the first application of this technique to an obviously cultural concern, as opposed to one of health or economic significance. Results, based both on cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II suggested that the parasite species found in the fish products are anisakine species that do not inhabit the intestinal lumen of the fish hosts examined. Thus, there was no evidence of failure to adhere to food preparation practices consistent with the proscriptions of Orthodox Judaism. Notwithstanding the success of DNA barcoding in determining, at least, the higher taxonomic identities of the parasites, some shortcomings of the DNA barcoding pipeline as it pertains to nematode parasites were encountered; specifically, the paucity of data available for the DNA barcoding locus even for very common nematode taxa.