3月22日,国际著名杂志Cell在线刊登了北京生命科学研究所戚益军博士实验室的最新研究成果“A Role for Small RNAs in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair,”文章中,研究者报道了一类在DNA双链断裂(double strand break, DSB)修复中起到重要作用的小分子RNA。
DNA双链断裂可以导致突变、基因组不稳定性和细胞死亡,因此DNA双链断裂的修复对保持基因组的完整性和细胞的存活至关重要。真核生物具有复杂的DNA双链断裂修复通路,这些通路涉及一系列蛋白质的协调参与。戚益军研究组利用DNA双链断裂修复报告系统在拟南芥中发现,小分子RNA可以特异性地从DNA双链断裂位点的邻近序列产生。这些小分子RNA被命名为diRNA (DSB-induced small RNA)。进一步研究发现,diRNA的产生依赖于PI3激酶ATR,RNA聚合酶IV和DCL(Dicer-like),其产生后被AGO2蛋白招募而起作用。在拟南芥中,这些因子的突变可导致DNA双链断裂修复效率的下降。戚益军研究组和中科院北京基因组研究所杨运桂研究组合作研究发现,diRNA也可在人细胞中产生并且参与DNA双链断裂的修复。这些研究结果表明小分子RNA在真核生物DNA双链断裂修复过程中具有保守的重要功能,并为人们对DNA双链断裂修复机理的认识提供了突破性的新概念。
博士研究生韦薇和巴肇庆为该论文的共同第一作者。参与该论文研究的还有技术员吴杨和马妍亭,中科院北京基因组研究所的杨运桂研究员,高敏博士和Jannie Danielsen博士,法国Clermont Université的Charles White教授和Simon Amiard博士。戚益军博士为该论文的通讯作者。该项研究由科技部973项目资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.002
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A Role for Small RNAs in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
Wei Wei, Zhaoqing Ba, Min Gao, Yang Wu, Yanting Ma, Simon Amiard, Charles I. White, Jannie Michaela Rendtlew Danielsen, Yun-Gui Yang, Yijun Qi
Eukaryotes have evolved complex mechanisms to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through coordinated actions of protein sensors, transducers, and effectors. Here we show that ∼21-nucleotide small RNAs are produced from the sequences in the vicinity of DSB sites in Arabidopsis and in human cells. We refer to these as diRNAs for DSB-induced small RNAs. In Arabidopsis, the biogenesis of diRNAs requires the PI3 kinase ATR, RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), and Dicer-like proteins. Mutations in these proteins as well as in Pol V cause significant reduction in DSB repair efficiency. In Arabidopsis, diRNAs are recruited by Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to mediate DSB repair. Knock down of Dicer or Ago2 in human cells reduces DSB repair. Our findings reveal a conserved function for small RNAs in the DSB repair pathway. We propose that diRNAs may function as guide molecules directing chromatin modifications or the recruitment of protein complexes to DSB sites to facilitate repair.