据中国农业科学院最新消息,由该院作物科学研究所所长万建民领导的课题组,通过花粉培养研究构建了独具特色的一系列水稻突变体材料,对其中一个分蘖显著增加的多分蘖突变体Tiller Enhancer(TE)的基因克隆和功能分析,发现了调控水稻分蘖的一个新的重要分子机制。
据万建民介绍,水稻分蘖是影响水稻产量的一个重要因子,同时分蘖也是植物生物学研究中关于植物株型建成的一个中心议题。其基本原理是,MONOCULM 1(MOC1)编码一个植物特有的GRAS转录因子,控制分蘖芽的起始和生长等过程,是水稻分蘖的主控因子。此前,其自身的调控机理尚不清楚。
通过对TE基因功能的深入研究,万建民课题组揭示了TE通过调控MOC1的降解来调控水稻分蘖的重要分子机理。10多年来,课题组的秦瑞珍等通过对多分蘖突变体TE以及少分蘖突变体MOC1—5的遗传分析,发现TE作用于MOC1的上游;生化研究发现TE和MOC1位于同一个蛋白复合物中并直接互作;分子遗传学分析发现,TE编码一个细胞分裂后期启动复合物(简称APC/C)的激活蛋白,与APC/C复合体的CDC27亚基直接互作。APC/C是真核生物中功能高度保守的一种E3泛素连接酶,参与降解细胞周期中的关键调控因子,从而促进细胞周期的进程。课题组证明TE直接作用于MOC1,导致后者以依赖于泛素-26S蛋白酶系统的方式降解。该研究揭示了APC/C TE参与了调控植物株型建成的新功能。
对TE研究的主要成果日前发表于在线出版的《自然·通讯》Nature Communications上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncomms1716
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Rice APC/CTE controls tillering by mediating the degradation of MONOCULM 1
Qibing Lin, Dan Wang, Hui Dong, Suhai Gu, Zhijun Cheng, Jie Gong, Ruizhen Qin, Ling Jiang, Gang Li, Jiu Lin Wang, Fuqing Wu, Xiuping Guo, Xin Zhang, Cailin Lei, Haiyang Wang & Jianmin Wan
Rice MONOCULM 1 (MOC1) and its orthologues LS/LAS (lateral suppressor in tomato and Arabidopsis) are key promoting factors of shoot branching and tillering in higher plants. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating MOC1/LS/LAS have remained elusive. Here we show that the rice tiller enhancer (te) mutant displays a drastically increased tiller number. We demonstrate that TE encodes a rice homologue of Cdh1, and that TE acts as an activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) complex. We show that TE coexpresses with MOC1 in the axil of leaves, where the APC/CTE complex mediates the degradation of MOC1 by the ubiquitin–26S proteasome pathway, and consequently downregulates the expression of the meristem identity gene Oryza sativa homeobox 1, thus repressing axillary meristem initiation and formation. We conclude that besides having a conserved role in regulating cell cycle, APC/CTE has a unique function in regulating the plant-specific postembryonic shoot branching and tillering, which are major determinants of plant architecture and grain yield.