遗传毒性评价是药物安全性评价研究中的一个关键环节,不但是先导化合物早期毒性筛选的重要指标之一,也是规范的药物临床前安全性评价研究中重要的评价方法和技术,是判断新药能否进入临床试验的重要依据。目前,基于“早期发现、早期评价”的理念,探索新的技术和方法,寻找新的生物标志物,是国际上药物安全性评价遗传毒性研究的趋势和热点。
近日,上海药物所安评中心博士研究生武元峰,在导师任进研究员指导下,在栾洋、戚新明、宫丽崑指导小组的带领下,发现了一个可能成为遗传毒性生物标志物的功能未知基因。首先通过基因芯片技术,比较给予多种已知的遗传毒性化合物和非遗传毒性化合物的小鼠肝脏基因表达谱的差异,筛选到一个未知基因----BC005512。应用生物信息学和数据库检索等方法,证实该基因属于鼠内源性逆转录病毒(endogenous retrovirus,ERV)中GLN家族的成员。ERV具有重要的生理功能或与某些疾病如肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病等的发生相关。但至今为止,关于GLN的一般特征和生物学功能,以及与遗传毒性的关系研究甚少。进一步,应用一系列遗传毒性和分子生物学方法,包括碱性彗星试验、微核以及g-H2AX表达等方法,以及应用毒理基因组学、分子克隆、流式细胞术及RNA干扰等先进技术方法,并结合生物信息学分析手段,对GLN与遗传毒性的关系及其生物学功能进行了深入的研究和探讨。
本研究首次报道了一个功能未知的基因----BC005512(GLN家族成员),它的表达水平可以特异地被遗传毒性物质所诱导,且与DNA损伤程度相关。因此,与传统遗传毒性检测手段相比,具有较高的特异性和灵敏性,为其发展成为可能的遗传毒性生物标志物提供了重要的实验依据。同时使用荧光素酶报告基因和RNA干扰方法首次揭示了该基因可以被p53调控,是细胞增殖的正向调控因子,有助于深入研究其生物学功能和ERV与宿主之间的相互作用。
这一研究成果,标志着安评中心正从以动物实验为主的传统毒理学研究,转向以分子基因为靶点的现代毒理学研究。安评中心不但在药物安全评价技术平台上通过了OECD GLP资格认证,达到了国际标准,而且在药物毒性机理研究中也得到了国际认可,在我国药物安全评价和毒理机制研究领域中走在前列。
这一研究成果已申请了专利(申请号:201110094397.1),也得到了国家自然科学基金及国家科技重大专项的资助。2010年获得第十二届国际毒理学大会优秀青年学者奖学金。部分研究成果已于近期被PLoS ONE杂志在线接收。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035010
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Identification of BC005512 as a DNA Damage Responsive Murine Endogenous Retrovirus of GLN Family Involved in Cell Growth Regulation
Yuanfeng Wu1, Xinming Qi1, Likun Gong1, Guozhen Xing1, Min Chen1, Lingling Miao1, Jun Yao1, Takayoshi Suzuki2, Chie Furihata3, Yang Luan1*, Jin Ren1*
Genotoxicity assessment is of great significance in drug safety evaluation, and microarray is a useful tool widely used to identify genotoxic stress responsive genes. In the present work, by using oligonucleotide microarray in an in vivo model, we identified an unknown gene BC005512 (abbreviated as BC, official full name: cDNA sequence BC005512), whose expression in mouse liver was specifically induced by seven well-known genotoxins (GTXs), but not by non-genotoxins (NGTXs). Bioinformatics revealed that BC was a member of the GLN family of murine endogenous retrovirus (ERV). However, the relationship to genotoxicity and the cellular function of GLN are largely unknown. Using NIH/3T3 cells as an in vitro model system and quantitative real-time PCR, BC expression was specifically induced by another seven GTXs, covering diverse genotoxicity mechanisms. Additionally, dose-response and linear regression analysis showed that expression level of BC in NIH/3T3 cells strongly correlated with DNA damage, measured using the alkaline comet assay,. While in p53 deficient L5178Y cells, GTXs could not induce BC expression. Further functional studies using RNA interference revealed that down-regulation of BC expression induced G1/S phase arrest, inhibited cell proliferation and thus suppressed cell growth in NIH/3T3 cells. Together, our results provide the first evidence that BC005512, a member from GLN family of murine ERV, was responsive to DNA damage and involved in cell growth regulation. These findings could be of great value in genotoxicity predictions and contribute to a deeper understanding of GLN biological functions.