发表在最近一期的《公共科学图书馆—综合》(PLoS ONE)上的一项研究发现,讨厌还是喜欢猪肉做成的菜可能与个人体内的OR7D4基因有关。
当你在朋友家做客被招待一盘猪肉做的菜时,会不会对其发出的气味感到厌恶呢?如果答案是肯定的,那么不要过早判断是猪肉存在问题,根据美国科学家最新研究表明,其实出现这种情况很可能是人体内的OR7D4基因在“作祟”。
据英国《每日邮报》网站5月3日报道,人的鼻子和嘴巴内存在嗅觉接受器,通过这些器官捕捉到气味分子并把信息传输给大脑、后者再将其转换成嗅觉和味觉,这样人才能闻到不同的气味、品尝到不同的味道。然而人类的基因也在进化过程中发生了变异,这就意味着不同的人有了不同的嗅觉,有些人可以闻到的气味其他人可能闻不到,例如猪肉中雄烯酮散发的气味就是其中之一。
为了证明气味和食物选择之间存在关系,美国北卡罗来纳州杜克大学的研究人员做了一项试验,他们找来23名受试者,其中10人是专业的“嗅觉分析师”,也就是说不论他们面对的雄烯酮数量有多少,他们都会有反应。
研究人员发现,体内含有两份OR7D4基因的受试者不喜欢闻到培根和猪肉做出来菜肴的味道,而拥有1份或者没有这种基因的受试者可以忍受、有的甚至喜欢猪肉的味道。
这项研究文章的第一作者松波广明(Hiroaki Matsunami)表示,该研究只揭开了这个谜题的一小部分,但是它为嗅觉和食物选择之间建立起联系,为将来研究提供了一个很好的方向。“当然在品尝食物过程中,人们还会受到很多其它基因和要素的影响,” 松波广明说。
研究结果还发现拥有某一特定变异OR7D4基因的人不易产生阵发饥饿感,另一种变异基因与减肥效果有关。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035259
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PMID:
Genetic Variation of an Odorant Receptor OR7D4 and Sensory Perception of Cooked Meat Containing Androstenone
Kathrine Lunde1,2*, Bj?rg Egelandsdal2, Ellen Skuterud1,2, Joel D. Mainland4¤, Tor Lea2, Margrethe Hersleth2,3, Hiroaki Matsunami4
Although odour perception impacts food preferences, the effect of genotypic variation of odorant receptors (ORs) on the sensory perception of food is unclear. Human OR7D4 responds to androstenone, and genotypic variation in OR7D4 predicts variation in the perception of androstenone. Since androstenone is naturally present in meat derived from male pigs, we asked whether OR7D4 genotype correlates with either the ability to detect androstenone or the evaluation of cooked pork tainted with varying levels of androstenone within the naturally-occurring range. Consistent with previous findings, subjects with two copies of the functional OR7D4 RT variant were more sensitive to androstenone than subjects carrying a non-functional OR7D4 WM variant. When pork containing varying levels of androstenone was cooked and tested by sniffing and tasting, subjects with two copies of the RT variant tended to rate the androstenone-containing meat as less favourable than subjects carrying the WM variant. Our data is consistent with the idea that OR7D4 genotype predicts the sensory perception of meat containing androstenone and that genetic variation in an odorant receptor can alter food preferences.