已知Argonaute蛋白是一种结合RNA的蛋白质,研究人员已经鉴定并分析了酵母Argonaute蛋白的晶体结构。在沉默基因的RNA干扰(RNAi)通路中,这种Argonaute-RNA复合物起着关键作用,描述真核生物Argonaute蛋白分子结构一直是RNA干扰领域近十年的目标。了解Argonaute晶体结构不仅是理解RNAi生化通路很重要的一步,也是将来许多实验的依据。
在人和其他真核生物中,RNAi通路能通过减少蛋白质的RNA模板来降低细胞内蛋白生产。利用这条通路,科学家能敲除特定蛋白的表达,从而测定它们在细胞或组织中的作用;在人类疾病的治疗方面,RNAi通路也相当重要。
RNAi依赖两种蛋白,即Dicer 和Argonaute,其中Dicer识别双链RNA(dsRNA),锁定在dsRNA上,并将其切成21-23个核苷酸长的碎片;Argonaute识别上述的dsRNA碎片,清除双链RNA中一条链,用另一条链作为向导RNA,当单链RNA匹配上向导RNA序列时,Argonaute即裂解此单链RNA,从而防止它作为蛋白生产的模板。
为了测定Argonaute结构,研究人员通力合作,希望能解决Argonaute结构问题,结果发现它是一个具有复杂拓扑结构和许多活动部分的大蛋白,确实是一个令人印象深刻的分子机器,在结构中伴有少量RNA,这些RNA的掺入将Argonaute蛋白转变成一种含4元件活化部位的激活态。这样,一个长期以来的谜,即什么构成了"消失的"第四元件,也就得到了解答。有这个结构在手,科学家现在就能更好地了解它怎么运作。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature11211
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Structure of yeast Argonaute with guide RNA
Kotaro Nakanishi, David E. Weinberg, David P. Bartel, Dinshaw J. Patel
The RNA-induced silencing complex, comprising Argonaute and guide RNA, mediates RNA interference. Here we report the 3.2?? crystal structure ofKluyveromyces polysporus Argonaute (KpAGO) fortuitously complexed with guide RNA originating from small-RNA duplexes autonomously loaded by recombinant KpAGO. Despite their diverse sequences, guide-RNA nucleotides 1-8 are positioned similarly, with sequence-independent contacts to bases, phosphates and 2′-hydroxyl groups pre-organizing the backbone of nucleotides 2-8 in a near-A-form conformation. Compared with prokaryotic Argonautes, KpAGO has numerous surface-exposed insertion segments, with a cluster of conserved insertions repositioning the N domain to enable full propagation of guide-target pairing. Compared with Argonautes in inactive conformations, KpAGO has a hydrogen-bond network that stabilizes an expanded and repositioned loop, which inserts an invariant glutamate into the catalytic pocket. Mutation analyses and analogies to ribonuclease H indicate that insertion of this glutamate finger completes a universally conserved catalytic tetrad, thereby activating Argonaute for RNA cleavage