来自芝加哥大学、中国医学科学院基础医学研究所、中科院等处的研究人员,在新研究中揭示了蛋白激酶IKK抑制肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制,相关论文“Inactivation of BAD by IKK Inhibits TNFα-Induced Apoptosis Independently of NF-kB Activation”发表在1月17号的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。
领导这一研究的是癌症研究及细胞信号转导研究领域的杰出科学家林安宁(Anning Lin)教授,其现为美国芝加哥大学Ben May 癌症研究所终身教授,中科院上海生科院生化与细胞所所长。其在JNK通路及IKK-NF-kB 通路的功能和调控领域做出了重要的贡献,迄今发表论文70余篇。
肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)是一类具有多种生物效应的细胞因子,它通过和细胞膜上的特异性的受体结合,实现促进细胞生长,分化,调亡及诱发炎症等生物学效应。TNF-α属于TNF家族,可以激活Caspase蛋白酶、JNK和转录因子NF-kB三条信号通路,实现其细胞毒性,抗病毒,免疫调节和细胞凋亡等生物学功能。由于TNF-α与细胞自稳和许多人类疾病,如肿瘤等直接相关,有关TNF-α信号通路的研究成为近十年生物医学研究领域的热点。
IKK复合体(IB kinase complex)是免疫反应、炎症、细胞存活和肿瘤形成的一个重要调控因子。近年来的研究证实,IKK复合体的活性调控涉及多种复杂的机制,尤其是在NF-kB的信号转导通路调节中起非常重要的作用。IKK可通过激活NF-kB,借助NF-kB靶基因产物抑制caspases,防止长时间的JNK激活,从而发挥促存活功能。
在这篇文章中,研究人员证实在不激活NF-kB的情况下,IKK可通过失活BH3-only蛋白BAD抑制TNFα诱导的凋亡。相比于RelA和cRel双缺失小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEFs),用TNFα处理的Ikkβ缺失MEFs其凋亡速度明显更快,其原因在于缺乏IKK对BAD的抑制。研究人员证实,IKK通过在serine-26 (Ser26)位点磷酸化BAD而使之预备失活。消除Ser26磷酸化可以提高BAD促凋亡活性,加速培养细胞TNFα诱导的凋亡,增加动物的死亡率。
这些结果表明IKK通过了两种不同但相互协作的机制,即激活存活因子NF-B和失活促凋亡BAD蛋白,抑制了TNFα诱导的凋亡。
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.021
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Inactivation of BAD by IKK Inhibits TNFα-Induced Apoptosis Independently of NF-B Activation
Jie Yan, Jialing Xiang, Yutin Lin, Jingui Ma, Jiyan Zhang,Hao Zhang, Jisheng Sun, Nika N. Danial, Jing Liu and Anning Lin
The IB kinase complex (IKK) is a key regulator of immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and tumorigenesis. The prosurvival function of IKK centers on activation of the transcription factor NF-B, whose target gene products inhibit caspases and prevent prolonged JNK activation. Here, we report that inactivation of the BH3-only protein BAD by IKK independently of NF-B activation suppresses TNFα-induced apoptosis. TNFα-treated Ikkβ/ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) undergo apoptosis significantly faster than MEFs deficient in both RelA and cRel due to lack of inhibition of BAD by IKK. IKK phosphorylates BAD at serine-26 (Ser26) and primes it for inactivation. Elimination of Ser26 phosphorylation promotes BAD proapoptotic activity, thereby accelerating TNFα-induced apoptosis in cultured cells and increasing mortality in animals. Our results reveal that IKK inhibits TNFα-induced apoptosis through two distinct but cooperative mechanisms: activation of the survival factor NF-B and inactivation of the proapoptotic BH3-only BAD protein.