当翻译被启动时，只有核糖体的小亚单元结合到信使RNA (mRNA)上。一旦启动密码子被识别出来，通过沿着mRNA转位或“扫描”，大亚单元便会与小亚单元结合重组一个完整的核糖体。Ivan Lomakin 和 Thomas Steitz解决了与“启动因子tRNA”、mRNA以及启动因子eIF1 和 eIF1A形成复合物的真核生物小核糖体亚单元的三个结构。这些结构有助于了解启动因子的贡献、mRNA被扫描的机制以及在核糖体P点上发生的相互作用。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐英文摘要：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12355
The initiation of mammalian protein synthesis and mRNA scanning mechanism
Ivan B. Lomakin & Thomas A. Steitz
During translation initiation in eukaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit binds messenger RNA at the 5′ end and scans in the 5′ to 3′ direction to locate the initiation codon, form the 80S initiation complex and start protein synthesis. This simple, yet intricate, process is guided by multiple initiation factors. Here we determine the structures of three complexes of the small ribosomal subunit that represent distinct steps in mammalian translation initiation. These structures reveal the locations of eIF1, eIF1A, mRNA and initiator transfer RNA bound to the small ribosomal subunit and provide insights into the details of translation initiation specific to eukaryotes. Conformational changes associated with the captured functional states reveal the dynamics of the interactions in the P site of the ribosome. These results have functional implications for the mechanism of mRNA scanning.
