心脏病疫苗不太可能像许多其它种类的疫苗那样在童年注射一次就终生受益，而是需要多次使用才能起作用(资料图)
据英国《每日电讯报》（The Telegraph）3月31日报道，出席英国伦敦国王学院心血管前沿生物学会议（Frontiers in CardioVascular Biology meeting）的专家预测，心脏病疫苗将在五年内问世。
专家们称，心脏病疫苗可以通过阻止脂肪沉积堵塞血管预防心脏病，目前已经有多种疫苗进入试验阶段，均有望在五年内投入使用。
瑞典兰德大学心血管病教授尼尔森说，心脏病高危人群将是首批接受心脏病免疫疗法的人，那些作用原理各不相同的疫苗可以与当前的心脏病疗法结合使用。
尼尔森介绍说，心脏病疫苗不太可能像许多其它种类的疫苗那样在童年注射一次就终生受益，而是需要多次使用才能起作用。此外疫苗也可能非常昂贵，因此只适合给高危人群使用。
>>相关阅读
干细胞疗法治疗心脏病取得重大突破
Circulation:王红艳等先天性心脏病研究获新成果
Sci Transl Med:一种预测心脏病发作新方法
Circulation:加糖饮料可增加男性患心脏病风险
Cell Metabolism:延胡索酸盐可降低心脏病危害 （生物谷Bioon.com）
Vaccine to stop heart attacks could be developed
Rebecca Smith, Medical Editor/31 Mar 2012
Injections of antibodies could prevent the build up of fat in the arteries which cause narrowings and break off leading to heart attacks, experts said.
It would be the first time that the underlying causes of heart disease was targeted instead of reducing factors such as high levels of bad cholesterol and blood pressure which increase the likelihood of heart disease developing.
Several different approaches are in the pipeline and could be licensed within five years, the Frontiers in CardioVascular Biology meeting at Imperial College London was told.
Independent experts said the vaccines were 'very promising' and could have a big impact on the treatment of the disease.
Cardiovascular disease causes one in three of all deaths in Britain accounting for 191,000 deaths a year.
There are around 2.7m people with heart disease and treatment costs ￡3.2bn a year.
Lack of exercise, poor diet, smoking and drinking too much alcohol are the main causes of heart disease but it is also known that there are strong hereditary factors too.
Coronary heart disease occurs when fatty plaques build up in the blood vessels feeding the heart and over time become narrowed. Parts of the plaque, known as atheroma, may break off causing a clot to form which can block the artery causing a heart attack.
Prof Nilsson, who is professor of experimental cardiovascular research at Lund University, in Sweden told the conference: “People at high risk of heart attacks are likely to be the first candidates for immune approaches. Such treatments, since they’ve totally different modes of action, could be used in addition to the current therapies."
Prof Nilsson said that although current treatments including statins and blood pressure drugs are very effective and reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks and strokes by around 40 per cent, 'it should not be forgotten that 60 per cent of cardiovascular events continue to occur'.
Prof Nilsson told the conference that experiments had shown it was possible to alter the way the immune system reacted to plaques in the arteries to reduce inflammation and the severity of the build up.
Working with Prof Prediman Shah, from Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles, the team were able to formulate a vaccine that reduced plaque build up by 60 to 70 per cent in mice.
The resulting CVX-210 vaccine, currently in development as an injection by CardioVax, is waiting regulatory clearance to start clinical trials.
A second vaccine using the same materials has been formulated as a nasal spray, Prof Nilsson said.
Another approach, of directly injecting antibodies against bad low density lipoprotein which carries cholesterol in the blood and forms the basis of the plaque, is already in trials.
Prof Nilsson said: “The rationale is that since oxidised LDL plays a major role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and harmful inflammatory processes, directly targeting oxidised LDL should prevent plaque formation and reduce inflammation."
Early studies have shown that the antibody, called BI-204, developed jointly by BioInvent and Genentech, reduced plaques by half and was well tolerated when tested in 80 healthy people.
A trial of BI-204 in 144 people with heart disease is underway in America and Canada where body scans will measure plaques in the arteries over time.
Prof Nilsson said it was unlikely that the products would be given as traditional vaccines in early childhood and instead were more like drugs in that they would need to be given repeatedly.
He said: “Both these treatments are far more like drugs – to be effective they’d need to be given long term. The antibody therapy in particularly is likely to be expensive so you could probably only afford to give it to high risk populations rather than everyone."
Professor Peter Weissberg, Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said: “A vaccination approach to the treatment of atherosclerosis is based on an attempt to interfere with the cellular mechanisms that cause life threatening build up of fatty deposits.
“There will be great interest in the outcome of the on-going studies to see firstly if this approach is safe and secondly, whether it can influence the progression of vascular disease in the long term.
“It is very promising, but it will take some time before we know if it is successful and, if so, which patients are likely to benefit most from this treatment.”
